# Optics

Defocus.

## Parallax

Parallax is a deceptive change in the relative position of an object with a change in the position of the observer. Due to foreshortening, nearby objects show a larger parallax than …

## Reflection

Reflection is the change in direction (rebounding) of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated. Most objects …

## Refraction

In physics, refraction is the change in direction of a wave passing from one medium to another or from a gradual change in the medium with a different refractive index ($$n$$). In …

## Diffraction

Diffraction refers to various phenomena that occur when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit. In general, diffraction is defined as the spreading or bending of waves as they …

## Distortion (optics)

In geometric optics, distortion is a type of optical aberration that happens when there is a variation in magnification across the visual field. Barrel distortion Barrel distortion results when a lens magnifies slightly more …

## Astigmatism

In optics, astigmatism is a lens or mirror defect in which the size and shape of an image vary for different points of focus. Light passing through different parts of an astigmatic lens, …

## Aberration

Defocus aberration. Chromatic aberration. Comatic aberration (or coma). Petzval field curvature. Spherical aberration. Aberration of starlight.

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